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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKcwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftByteDance, originally TerarkJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20132015198920162019
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V1SQL Server 2022, November 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted open source version availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
C++ API
Java API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanono
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnoneyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes infousing Azure authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMicrosoft SQL ServerTerarkDBXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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