DBMS > Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Milvus

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. etcd vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Milvus

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A distributed reliable key-value store

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	3.02
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

memgraph.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

milvus.io

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

memgraph.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Memgraph Ltd

Microsoft

Initial release

2013

2017

1989

2019

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.4, August 2019

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.3.4, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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