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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh performance Time Series DBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgkx.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverorientdb.orggithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcode.kx.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20132000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003198920102016
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.6, May 2018SQL Server 2022, November 20223.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++qC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (q)yesSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava, Javascriptno
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsyesHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaKdbMicrosoft SQL ServerOrientDBTerarkDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaKdbMicrosoft SQL ServerOrientDBTerarkDB
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