DBMS > Apache Impala vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Distributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.67
Rank	#233	Overall
	#20	Time Series DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/kairosdb/kairosdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

surrealdb.com

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

kairosdb.github.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

surrealdb.com/docs

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

SurrealDB Ltd

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Initial release

2013

1989

2022

2012

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

1.2.2, November 2018

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Rust

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

based on Cassandra

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

simple password-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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