DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hypertable vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hypertable vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop

Distributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.67
Rank	#233	Overall
	#20	Time Series DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/kairosdb/kairosdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

kairosdb.github.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Hypertable Inc.

Microsoft

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2013

2009

2013

1989

2022

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

0.9.8.11, March 2016

1.2.2, November 2018

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

GNU version 3. Commercial license available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

an inofficial Windows port is available

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only exact value or prefix value scans

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

C++ API
Thrift

Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

based on Cassandra

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

selectable replication factor on file system level

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

simple password-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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