DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MySQL vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MySQL vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Widely used open source RDBMS

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	45.33
Rank	#21	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

hsqldb.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.mysql.com

www.teradata.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.teradata.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Teradata

Initial release

2013

2001

2014

1995

1984

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.7.2, June 2023

8.4.0, April 2024

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

JavaScript

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

Hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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