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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score130.36
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.snowflake.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftSnowflake Computing Inc.
Initial release20132001201419892014
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinux
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query languageyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, SQLJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions
TriggersnoyesJavaScriptyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resources
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerSnowflake
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