DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. Oracle vs. Sqrrl vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. Oracle vs. Sqrrl vs. Teradata Aster

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS

Adaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache Accumulo

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

hive.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

sqrrl.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Oracle

Amazon

originally Sqrrl Data, Inc.

Teradata

Initial release

2013

2012

1980

2012

2005

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.1.3, April 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Actionscript
C

using GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

R packages

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

making use of Hadoop

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

making use of Hadoop

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Document store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Atomic updates per row, document, or graph entity

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Cell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.