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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. Solr

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for Hadoopdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websiteimpala.apache.orghive.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverrdf4j.orgsolr.apache.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homelearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverrdf4j.org/­documentationsolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20132012198920042006
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.1.3, April 2022SQL Server 2022, November 20229.6.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavayesJava plugins
Triggersnonoyesyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHiveMicrosoft SQL ServerRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSolr
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