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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Prometheus vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Prometheus vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score8.42
Rank#47  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghbase.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverprometheus.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverprometheus.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20132008198920152016
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 2021SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++GoJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux
Windows
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesNumeric data onlyyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoCoprocessors in JavaTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes infoby FederationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHBaseMicrosoft SQL ServerPrometheusToroDB
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