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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghbase.apache.orgwww.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoft
Initial release2013200820032019
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 20211.6.27, May 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Proprietary protocolMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoCoprocessors in JavanoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)nono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHBaseMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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