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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.27
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hanawww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAPDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release201320051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20102000
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.2.220, July 202316.3, May 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20233.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
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Implementation languageC++JavaCC
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-serviceserver-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, Rno
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaH2PostgreSQLSAP HANASQLite
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