DBMS > Apache Impala vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. Oracle vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. Oracle vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Well established RDBMS

Widely used RDBMS

A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	1.78
Rank	#140	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.h2database.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.oracle.com/database

us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.oracle.com/en/database

technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Thomas Mueller

Actian Corporation

Oracle

TmaxSoft

Initial release

2013

2005

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1980

2003

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.2.220, July 2023

11.2, May 2022

23c, September 2023

6, April 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

C and Assembler

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM)

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning

by range, hash, list or composite

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

planned for next version

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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