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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Spatial extension of H2Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2gis.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserealm.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrealm.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleCNRSMicrosoftRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release20132017201320102014
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoLGPL 3.0commercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infobased on H2Transact SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersnonoyesyesyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infobased on H2yes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes infobased on H2fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerH2GISMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRealm
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