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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. eXtremeDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.79
Rank#212  Overall
#100  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score4.13
Rank#71  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.mcobject.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMcObjectGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2013200120081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.2, 202116.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesusing Google App Engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infoby defining eventsCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning / shardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorActive Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Multi-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaeXtremeDBGoogle Cloud DatastorePostgreSQL
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