DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Redis vs. VoltDB
System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Redis vs. VoltDB
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Name | Apache Impala Xexclude from comparison | Google Cloud Datastore Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | Redis Xexclude from comparison | VoltDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Analytic DBMS for Hadoop | Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | Popular in-memory data platform used as a cache, message broker, and database that can be deployed on-premises, across clouds, and hybrid environments Redis focuses on performance so most of its design decisions prioritize high performance and very low latencies. | Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Document store | Relational DBMS | Key-value store Multiple data types and a rich set of operations, as well as configurable data expiration, eviction and persistence | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store with RedisJSON Graph DBMS with RedisGraph Spatial DBMS Search engine with RediSearch Time Series DBMS with RedisTimeSeries Vector DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | impala.apache.org | cloud.google.com/datastore | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | redis.com redis.io | www.voltdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html | cloud.google.com/datastore/docs | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | docs.redis.com/latest/index.html redis.io/docs | docs.voltdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Apache Software Foundation Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera | Microsoft | Redis project core team, inspired by Salvatore Sanfilippo Development sponsored by Redis Inc. | VoltDB Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2013 | 2008 | 1989 | 2009 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 4.1.0, June 2022 | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 7.2.4, January 2024 | 11.3, April 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2 | commercial | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Redis Enterprise | Open Source AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for Redis: Fully managed in-memory key-value store for all your caching and speedy lookup needs. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | C++ | C | Java, C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux | hosted | Linux Windows | BSD Linux OS X Windows ported and maintained by Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. | Linux OS X for development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | yes | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes, details here | yes | partial Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes with RediSearch module | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | SQL-like query language (GQL) | yes | with RediSQL module | yes only a subset of SQL 99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | JDBC ODBC | gRPC (using protocol buffers) API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | proprietary protocol RESP - REdis Serialization Protocol | Java API JDBC RESTful HTTP/JSON API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC | .Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | C C# C++ Clojure Crystal D Dart Elixir Erlang Fancy Go Haskell Haxe Java JavaScript (Node.js) Lisp Lua MatLab Objective-C OCaml Pascal Perl PHP Prolog Pure Data Python R Rebol Ruby Rust Scala Scheme Smalltalk Swift Tcl Visual Basic | C# C++ Erlang not officially supported Go Java JavaScript Node.js PHP Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes user defined functions and integration of map-reduce | using Google App Engine | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | Lua; Redis Functions coming in Redis 7 (slides and Github) | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine | yes | publish/subscribe channels provide some trigger functionality; RedisGears | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | Sharding Automatic hash-based sharding with support for hash-tags for manual sharding | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | selectable replication factor | Multi-source replication using Paxos | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Multi-source replication with Redis Enterprise Pack Source-replica replication Chained replication is supported | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes query execution via MapReduce | yes using Google Cloud Dataflow | no | through RedisGears | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent. | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Causal consistency can be enabled in Active-Active databases Strong consistency with Redis Raft Strong eventual consistency with Active-Active | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths | yes | no | no FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions | ACID | Atomic execution of command blocks and scripts and optimistic locking | ACID Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes Data access is serialized by the server | yes Data access is serialized by the server | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs | yes Snapshots and command logging | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access Control Lists (ACLs): redis.io/docs/management/security/acl LDAP and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for Redis Enterprise Mutual TLS authentication: redis.io/docs/management/security/encryption Password-based authentication | Users and roles with access to stored procedures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Apache Impala | Google Cloud Datastore | Microsoft SQL Server | Redis | VoltDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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