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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­datastorehsqldb.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2013200820011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceusing Google App EngineJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using PaxosnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud DatastoreHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBPostgreSQL
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