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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticspostgis.net
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticspostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2013201520162005
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQLuser defined functions
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostGIS
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