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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google BigQuery vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google BigQuery vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopLarge scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score58.10
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#233  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigquerygithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docskairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release2013201020131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.2.2, November 201816.3, May 20246.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
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Implementation languageC++JavaCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIGraphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)simple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle BigQueryKairosDBPostgreSQLRDFox
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