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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaFoundationDBApache Software FoundationAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2013201320142012
Current release4.1.0, June 20226.2.28, November 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementssupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java
Python
R
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducein SQL-layer onlynoyes
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Coreyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnonoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFoundationDBSpark SQLTitan
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