DBMS > Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQream DB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQream DB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

a GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.03
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.07
Rank	#188	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.73
Rank	#228	Overall
	#105	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

sqream.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

apple.github.io/foundationdb

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.sqream.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

FoundationDB

Microsoft

SQream Technologies

8Kdata

Initial release

2013

1989

2017

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

6.2.28, November 2020

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2022.1.6, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

yes, ANSI Standard SQL Types

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.Net
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

in SQL-layer only

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions in Python

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal and vertical partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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