DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. openGauss vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. openGauss vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Apache Impala Xexclude from comparison | Elasticsearch Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure AI Search Xexclude from comparison | openGauss Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Analytic DBMS for Hadoop | A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene  Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric | Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app development | An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by Huawei | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Search engine | Search engine | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store | Document store Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS | Vector DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | impala.apache.org | www.elastic.co/elasticsearch | azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/search | gitee.com/opengauss opengauss.org | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html | www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html | learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/search | docs.opengauss.org/en gitee.com/opengauss/docs | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Apache Software Foundation Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera | Elastic | Microsoft | Huawei and openGauss community | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2013 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 4.1.0, June 2022 | 8.6, January 2023 | V1 | 3.0, March 2022 | 16.3, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2 | Open Source Elastic License | commercial | Open Source | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C++ | Java | C, C++, Java | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux | All OS with a Java VM | hosted | Linux | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | SQL-like query language | no | ANSI SQL 2011 | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC ODBC | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | RESTful HTTP API | JDBC ODBC | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC | .Net Groovy Community Contributed Clients Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | C# Java JavaScript Python | C C++ Java | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes user defined functions and integration of map-reduce | yes | no | yes | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | selectable replication factor | yes | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes query execution via MapReduce | ES-Hadoop Connector | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | no | no | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | Memcached and Redis integration | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos | yes using Azure authentication | Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Apache Impala | Elasticsearch | Microsoft Azure AI Search | openGauss | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database management systems MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project Cloudera Bringing Impala to AWS Cloud Apache Doris just 'graduated': Why care about this SQL data warehouse Hudi: Uber Engineering’s Incremental Processing Framework on Apache Hadoop Updates & Upserts in Hadoop Ecosystem with Apache Kudu provided by Google News Using Elasticsearch to Offload Search and Analytics from DynamoDB: Pros and Cons Netflix Uses Elasticsearch Percolate Queries to Implement Reverse Searches Efficiently 8 Powerful Alternatives to Elasticsearch The Total Economic Impact™️ of Elasticsearch Splunk vs Elasticsearch | A Comparison and How to Choose provided by Google News Announcing updates to Azure AI Search to help organizations build and scale generative AI applications Shift AI Podcast: How AI is evolving in 2024, with Microsoft Distinguished Engineer Pablo Castro Public Preview of Azure OpenAI and AI Search in-app connectors for Logic Apps (Standard) | Azure updates Microsoft’s Azure AI Search updated with increased storage, vector index size Microsoft is a Leader in the 2024 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Cloud AI Developer Services provided by Google News openGauss Open Source Community Officially Launch The openGauss powers database industry forward through innovation An Industrial bank joins Huawei openGauss database community About HUAWEI Open Source provided by Google News Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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