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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineSearch engineDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmldocs.timescale.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticMicrosoftOracleTimescale
Initial release20132010201520112017
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023V123.3, December 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptionalnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnonouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectornowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnoyes infooff heap cacheno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes infousing Azure authenticationAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure AI SearchOracle NoSQLTimescaleDB
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