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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.exasol.comorientdb.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourceswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaExasolOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerStardog-Union
Initial release2013200020101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.2.29, March 202416.3, May 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageC++JavaCJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
Lua
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsJava, Javascriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersnoyesHooksyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoHadoop integrationno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationship in graphsyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaEXASOLOrientDBPostgreSQLStardog
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