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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.A widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.exasol.comhazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourceshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorergithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaExasolHazelcastMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20132000200820192012
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
Lua
Python
R
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoHadoop integrationyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Apache ImpalaEXASOLHazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTitan
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