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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.A widely adopted in-memory data gridMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.exasol.comhazelcast.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourceshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaExasolHazelcastMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132000200819922019
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.3.6, November 20231902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query languageyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
Lua
Python
R
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoReplicated Mapnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoHadoop integrationyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACID infobut no files for transaction loggingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaEXASOLHazelcastMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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