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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score4.99
Rank#65  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgduckdb.orgneo4j.comorientdb.orgtrino.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlduckdb.org/­docsneo4j.com/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmltrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaNeo4j, Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPTrino Software Foundation
Initial release20132018200720102012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.10, February 20245.20, May 20243.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageC++C++Java, ScalaJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lessLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoSQL-like query language, no joinsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava, Javascriptyes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersnonoyes infovia event handlerHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes using Neo4j FabricShardingdepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replicationdepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
depending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurableSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaDuckDBNeo4jOrientDBTrino
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
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