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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgduckdb.orgwww.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Microsoft
Initial release2013201819992010
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.10, February 2024V8.0, August 2021V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C and JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lessLinux
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesStandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functionsTransact SQL
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyesyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDuckDBKingbaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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