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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dolt vs. PostgreSQL vs. Titan vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dolt vs. PostgreSQL vs. Titan vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDolt  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schemaWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#191  Overall
#89  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­dolthub/­dolt
www.dolthub.com
www.postgresql.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titangithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.dolthub.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikiwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDoltHub IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAurelius, owned by DataStaxJuxt Ltd.
Initial release201320181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20122019
Current release4.1.0, June 202216.3, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageC++GoCJavaClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
CLI Client
HTTP REST
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infocurrently in alpha releaseuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes infovia pluggable storage backendsnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorA database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosOnly one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startupfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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