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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DolphinDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DolphinDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDolphinDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDolphinDB is a high performance Time Series DBMS. It is integrated with an easy-to-use fully featured programming language and a high-volume high-velocity streaming analytics system. It offers operational simplicity, scalability, fault tolerance, and concurrency.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.03
Rank#78  Overall
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.dolphindb.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.net
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.dolphindb.cn/­en/­help200/­index.htmlspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDolphinDB, IncSpotifyMicrosoft
Initial release20132018201420192005
Current release4.1.0, June 2022v2.00.4, January 2022cloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infofree community version availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
JSON over HTTP
Kafka
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC
OPC DA
OPC UA
RabbitMQ
WebSocket
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
MatLab
Python
R
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAdministrators, Users, GroupsAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDolphinDBHeroicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGIS
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