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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.ibm.com/­products/­db2www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldgraph.io/­docswww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2learn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.IBMMicrosoftByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release201320161983 infohost version19892016
Current release4.1.0, June 202212.1, October 2016SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++GoC and C++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versiontables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSynchronous replication via Raftyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDgraphIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft SQL ServerTerarkDB
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