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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Microsofts flagship relational DBMSA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#233  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serversurrealdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comkairosdb.github.iolearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serversurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectMicrosoftSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release20132012201319892022
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.7075, December 20231.2.2, November 2018SQL Server 2022, November 2022v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++Java, ClojureJavaC++Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIGraphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infobased on Cassandratables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnosimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatomicKairosDBMicrosoft SQL ServerSurrealDB
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