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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datomic.comhsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectMicrosoft
Initial release2013201220012010
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 20232.7.2, June 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java, ClojureJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava, SQLTransact SQL
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatomicHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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