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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA widely adopted in-memory data gridMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#392  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datomic.comhazelcast.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectHazelcastMicrosoftMireo
Initial release20132012200819892020
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 20235.3.6, November 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java, ClojureJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query languageyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIJCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoTransaction Functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyes infoEventsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoReplicated Mapyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatomicHazelcastMicrosoft SQL ServerSpaceTime
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