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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datastax Enterprise vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datastax Enterprise vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatastax Enterprise  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDataStax Enterprise (DSE) is the always-on, scalable data platform built on Apache Cassandra and designed for hybrid Cloud. DSE integrates graph, search, analytics, administration, developer tooling, and monitoring into a unified platform.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score5.93
Rank#56  Overall
#4  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datastax.com/­products/­datastax-enterprisecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.postgresql.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datastax.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDataStaxGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release2013201120171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1998
Current release4.1.0, June 20226.8, April 202016.3, May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL); Spark SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language)
TinkerPop Gremlin infowith DSE Graph
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PL/SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorconfigurable replication factor, datacenter aware, advanced replication for edge computingMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Tunable Consistency infoconsistency level can be individually decided with each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaDatastax EnterpriseGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgreSQLTimesTen
Specific characteristicsDataStax Enterprise is scale-out data infrastructure for enterprises that need to...
» more
Competitive advantagesSupporting the following application requirements: Zero downtime - Built on Apache...
» more
Typical application scenariosApplications that must be massively and linearly scalable with 100% uptime and able...
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Key customersCapital One, Cisco, Comcast, eBay, McDonald's, Microsoft, Safeway, Sony, UBS, and...
» more
Market metricsAmong the Forbes 100 Most Innovative Companies, DataStax is trusted by 5 of the top...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAnnual subscription
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatastax EnterpriseGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgreSQLTimesTen
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