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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Neo4j

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed Database based on LuceneOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcratedb.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbneo4j.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcratedb.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCrateFoundationDBNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release2013201320132007
Current release4.1.0, June 20226.2.28, November 20205.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitysupported in specific SQL layer onlyno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions (Javascript)in SQL-layer onlyyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersnononoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Linearizable consistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCrateDBFoundationDBNeo4j
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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