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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogleAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2013200520172012
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptnoyes
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Shardingyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Google Cloud SpannerTitan
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