DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#367	Overall
	#56	Key-value stores

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/bytedance/terarkdb

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

bytedance.larkoffice.com/docs/doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Cockroach Labs

Microsoft

ByteDance, originally Terark

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2013

2015

1989

2016

2010

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

24.1.0, May 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted open source version available

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

C++ API
Java API

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Java

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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