DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. EsgynDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. EsgynDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Enterprise-class SQL-on-Hadoop solution, powered by Apache Trafodion

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	4.74
Rank	#67	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	0.15
Rank	#325	Overall
	#144	Relational DBMS

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	4.02
Rank	#74	Overall
	#39	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.esgyn.cn

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.singlestore.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.singlestore.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Cockroach Labs

Esgyn

Microsoft

SingleStore Inc.

Initial release

2013

2015

2014

2013

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

24.1.0, May 2024

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C++, Java

C++, Go

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

hosted

Linux

64 bit version required

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java Stored Procedures

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

hash partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication between multi datacenters

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

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