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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, high-performance timeseries database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#332  Overall
#28  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.postgresql.orgquasar.ai
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdoc.quasar.ai/­master
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerquasardb
Initial release201320101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 201816.4, August 20243.14.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infointeger and binary
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoconsistent hashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusPostgreSQLQuasardb
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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

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