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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. Postgres-XL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. Postgres-XL vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCloudflare Workers KV  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.32
Rank#283  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.cloudflare.com/­developer-platform/­workers-kvwww.postgres-xl.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdevelopers.cloudflare.com/­kv/­apiwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCloudflareAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2013201020182014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2012
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 201810 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CCJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes infodistributed, parallel query executionno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functionsyes
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusCloudflare Workers KVPostgres-XLTitan
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