DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#225	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	7.71
Rank	#46	Overall
	#29	Relational DBMS

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	9.62
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/boltdb/bolt

greenplum.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.greenplum.org

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

vertica.com/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Pivotal Software Inc.

Microsoft

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2013

2005

2014

2005

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

7.0.0, September 2023

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

since Version 4.2

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

JavaScript

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

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