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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embedded key-value store for Go.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­spotify/­heroic
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroic
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectGoogleSpotify
Initial release20132013201220172014
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearch
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGoClojure
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infoTransaction Functionsnono
TriggersnonoBy using transaction functionsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnonoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Apache ImpalaBoltDBDatomicGoogle Cloud SpannerHeroic
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