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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. CouchDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embedded key-value store for Go.A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­boltdb/­boltcouchdb.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.harperdb.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogleHarperDB
Initial release20132013200520172017
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 20233.1, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial infofree community edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoErlangNode.js
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesdynamic schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyesyes infoJSON data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like data manipulation statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGoC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoView functions in JavaScriptnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0ShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be defined
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACID infoStrict serializable isolationAtomic execution of specific operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, using LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaBoltDBCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Google Cloud SpannerHarperDB
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