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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Blazegraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Blazegraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBlazegraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison
Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.81
Rank#213  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#8  RDF stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgblazegraph.comcloud.google.com/­spannerorientdb.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwiki.blazegraph.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaBlazegraphGoogleOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP
Initial release2013200620172010
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.1.5, March 20193.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoextended commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoRDF literal typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSPARQL is used as query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnoJava, Javascript
TriggersnononoHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in Graphsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosSecurity and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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Apache ImpalaBlazegraphGoogle Cloud SpannerOrientDB
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