DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BaseX vs. etcd vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BaseX vs. etcd vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Light-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI.

A distributed reliable key-value store

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#142	Overall
	#4	Native XML DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	3.02
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

basex.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

memgraph.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.basex.org

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

memgraph.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

BaseX GmbH

Memgraph Ltd

Microsoft

Initial release

2013

2007

2017

1989

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

10.7, August 2023

3.4, August 2019

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

BSD license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XQuery supports types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTXQ
WebDAV
XML:DB
XQJ

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Actionscript
C
C#
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Rebol
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

via events

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

multiple readers, single writer

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Users with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levels

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
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Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
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