DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Badger vs. Citus vs. HBase vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Badger vs. Citus vs. HBase vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.22
Rank	#320	Overall
	#47	Key-value stores

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	27.97
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	3.41
Rank	#86	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

www.citusdata.com

hbase.apache.org

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

docs.citusdata.com

hbase.apache.org/book.html

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

DGraph Labs

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2013

2017

2010

2008

2013

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

8.1, December 2018

2.3.4, January 2021

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

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