DBMS > Apache Impala vs. ArangoDB vs. DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. SAP Adaptive Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. ArangoDB vs. DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. SAP Adaptive Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Widely used RDBMS

The SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Spatial DBMS

with Boeing's Spatial Query Server

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.30
Rank	#82	Overall
	#14	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#10	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	32.67
Rank	#25	Overall
	#17	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

arangodb.com

duckdb.org

www.oracle.com/database

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sybase-ase.html

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.arangodb.com

duckdb.org/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_ASE

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

ArangoDB Inc.

Oracle

SAP, Sybase

Initial release

2013

2012

2018

1980

1987

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.11.5, November 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

23c, September 2023

16.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

JavaScript

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Java and Transact-SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

since version 2.0

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
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Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
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Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
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Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
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Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
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