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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgdgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtable
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlphoenix.apache.orgdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.Google
Initial release2013201420162015
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsnono
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Synchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceHadoop integrationnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDAtomic single-row operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Apache ImpalaApache PhoenixDgraphGoogle Cloud Bigtable
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Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
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