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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NSDb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#159  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgiotdb.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasensdb.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmliotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlnsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software FoundationMicrosoft
Initial release2013201820102017
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.1.0, April 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaApache IoTDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNSDb
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